DignITA Database

DATA: 22/07/2022

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NOTE:

In materia di estradizione, i crimini contro l’umanità non sono soggetti a prescrizione; pertanto, il decorso del tempo non può essere invocato quale causa ostativa alla consegna. Tali crimini ledono interessi di carattere transnazionale e violano norme di jus cogens, ossia norme imperative di diritto internazionale generale considerate da tutti gli Stati vincolanti in modo universale e gerarchicamente sovraordinate nell’ordinamento internazionale. In quanto tali, prevalgono su ogni altra fonte normativa, sia di origine pattizia sia consuetudinaria, e sono recepite nell’ordinamento interno ai sensi dell’articolo 10 della Costituzione.
(Nella specie, la Corte ha annullato la decisione che aveva escluso la sussistenza delle condizioni per l’estradizione, richiesta dal Governo argentino nei confronti di un cittadino italiano sottoposto a indagini per i reati di privazione illegittima della libertà personale e di maltrattamenti aggravati, commessi mediante atti di tortura ai danni di dissidenti politici detenuti in un carcere argentino a seguito del colpo di Stato del marzo 1976.)

DATA: 27/09/2016

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Ruling:

Mr. Al Mahdi was convicted of the war crime of attacking protected objects as a co-perpetrator under Articles 8(2)(e)(iv) and 25(3)(a) of the Statute and sentenced to 9 years of imprisonment.

Reference to obligations of criminalization:

No explicit reference. However, by convicting Al Mahdi under Article 8(2)(e)(iv) of the Rome Statute, the ICC further enhances the international legal obligations to criminalize such acts and holding individuals accountable for these actions.

Reference to human dignity:

The judgment does not explicitly use the phrase “human dignity”. However the protection of cultural heritage and religious sites is implicitly linked to human dignity. Cultural heritage is to be considered an integral part to the identity, history, and spiritual well-being of individuals and communities. The destruction of such sites, as perpetrated by Al Mahdi, can be seen as an assault on the collective human dignity of those whose heritage is violated, disrupting their connection to their past and their cultural identity. The Court’s condemnation and punishment of such acts contribute to upholding the value of human heritage, which in turn supports broader principles of human dignity.

DATA: 12/06/2015

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Parr. 14, 27

DATA: 22/11/2011

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Paragrafi operativi 5, 14, 15, 17, 18, 21, 24

DATA: 24/10/2011

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Paragrafi operativi 5, 6, 9, 10, 11

DATA: 11/04/2011

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Paragrafi operativi 8, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20

DATA: 03/12/2003

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Ruling:

(paragraph 1081) For RTLM broadcasts in 1994 advocating ethnic hatred or inciting violence against the Tutsi population, the Chamber finds Nahimana guilty of crimes against humanity (persecution) under Article 3(h), pursuant to Article 6(1) and Article 6(3) of the Statute.
(paragraph 1082) For RTLM broadcasts in 1994 advocating ethnic hatred or inciting violence against the Tutsi population, the Chamber finds Barayagwiza guilty of crimes against humanity (persecution) under Article 3(h), pursuant to Article 6(3) of the Statute of the Tribunal
(paragraph 1083) For his own acts and for the activities of CDR that avocated ethnic hatred or incited violence against the Tutsi population, the Chamber finds Barayagwiza guilty of crimes against humanity (persecution) under Article 3(h), pursuant to Article 6(1) of the Statute.
(paragraph 1084) The Chamber finds Ngeze guilty of crimes against humanity (persecution) under Article 3(h), pursuant to Article 6(1) of the Statute of the Tribunal.

Reference to obligations of criminalization:

Indirect reference.
(paragraph 1076) The Chamber considers that hate speech (Which is a discriminatory form of aggression that destroys the dignity of those in the group under attack) that expresses ethnic and other forms of discrimination violates the norm of customary international law prohibiting discrimination.

Reference to human dignity:

(paragraph 1072) The Chamber considers it evident that hate speech targeting a population on the basis of ethnicity, or other discriminatory grounds, reaches this level of gravity and constitutes persecution under Article 3(h) of its Statute.
Hate speech is a discriminatory form of aggression that destroys the dignity of those in the group under attack. It creates a lesser status not only in the eyes of the group members themselves but also in the eyes of others who perceive and treat them as less than human. The denigration of persons on the basis of their ethnic identity or other group membership in and of itself, as well as in its other consequences, can be an irreversible harm.